MATERIAL AND DOMESTIC SITUATION OF WOMEN OF THE MARI ASSR DURING THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR (1941–1945)

Ananiy G. IVANOV, Alina B. FILONOVA

УДК 94(47).084.8(470.343)

ББК Т3(2Рос.Мар)622-284.3

Key words

the Great Patriotic war, the Mari ASSR, women, material and domestic situation

Abstract

The Great Patriotic war is one of the most significant periods in the history of our state. Soviet soldiers and workers of all regions of the USSR gave their forces to defeat the enemy, demonstrated true heroism and self-sacrifice. In many respects, it was the organization of the rear, labor exploits of the workers that made it possible to approach the long-awaited Victory. The workers of the Mari ASSR contributed to the support of the front as well. Taking into account mobilization of the vast majority of men to the front, all responsibility for carrying out the work in the rear was borne primarily by women, as well as children and the elderly population. Women of the Republic, as well as other regions, continued to combine professional and family functions throughout the Great Patriotic war. This circumstance was compounded by an unstable financial situation and domestic inconveniences. The purpose of this article is to analyze the material and domestic situation of women in the Mari ASSR during the Great Patriotic war. The state sought to improve the material well-being of women. The most important event in this direction was payment of government allowances to the families of war veterans. Significant support to women-workers and families of the mobilized was provided by the existing enterprises in the territory of the Republic. As far as possible, they issued general merchandise talons, gave necessary products, warm clothing, shoes and organized meals to those in need. The population of the Republic, as well as the entire country, participated in creating the funds to help women whose husbands and brothers fought at the fronts of the Great Patriotic war. Despite all the shortcomings, the above-mentioned measures greatly contributed to improving the well-being of women in the Republic. The article uses general scientific (analysis, comparison, description) and special historical (historical-comparative, historical-genetic) methods.

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 Information about the authors

Ananiy G. Ivanov – Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department of Russian History, Mari State University, Russia, Yoshkar-Ola (anani@marsu.ru).

Alina B. Filonova – Post-Graduate Student, Department of Russian History, Mari State University, Russia, Yoshkar-Ola (alina.filonova.92@mail.ru).