THE POLICY OF LOCAL AUTHORITIES ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF INDUSTRY AND AGRICULTURE IN THE NATIONAL AND MIXED ETHNIC DISTRICTS OF THE GORKY TERRITORY IN THE EARLY 1930s

DOI: 10.47026/2712-9454-2023-4-1-23-31

УДК [342.553:332.021]:[338.43+338.45](091)(470.341)«193»

ББК Т3(2Рос-4Ниж)614-23

Artyom A. RYBAKOV

Key words

Gorky region, indigenization, industrialization, national question, national policy, first five-year plan, national minorities, collectivization, agriculture

Abstract

The article conducts an analysis of the activities of the authorities of the Gorshovsky Territory with the fields of industry development and agriculture in areas with mixed national composition, as well as in national administrative-territorial units in the early 1930s.

The purpose of the study – to identify trends in the development of national policy in the spheres of industry and agriculture in mixed ethnic composition and national areas of the Gorky Territory in the early 1930s.

Materials and methods. To write the article, work was carried out with materials from the funds of the Central Archive of the Nizhny Novgorod Region and the Department of Local Lore Literature of the Nizhny Novgorod State Regional Universal Scientific Library named after V.I. Lenin.

Research results. The implemented policy of industrialization directly affected the industry sector, which has a system-forming role for building a new type of society. The Natso-Strong minorities of the Gorky Territory living outside the National Autonomies had a weak level of involvement in the labor movement due to the lack of large factories in the territories of their compact residence. More widely in these areas, machine-tractor stations, power plants, as well as some enterprises for the processing of the products received by the products (timber industry, hemp plantors, etc.) were presented. To increase the number of workers among national minorities, pro-grams of additional training in technical specialties were actively developed and worked.

The article provides an analysis of the situation in the field of development of agriculture, which is the main activity of the majority of the population in the areas in question. Industrialization has opened a huge potential for the development of the village due to the inclusion in the daily use of the advanced at the beginning of the 1930s. Machine equipment, as well as thanks to the introduction of new practices of crop and livestock, which were previously inaccessible to the most part of the population.

The development of collectivization during the first five -year plan acquired a comprehensive character, but in this direction, national collective farms clearly lagged behind their more numerous neighbors. In many ways, this issue was associated with the greater conservative and isolation of national enclaves, who perceived everything new through the prism of a stranger.

Changes carried out in the territories of national and mixed areas aroused additional interest from the regional authorities, which directly contributed to the allocation of additional resources and opportunities for aligning the situation with near-and-standing areas that do not have special status. National policy pursued in the 1930s. In the Gorky Territory, served as the basis for the development of economic clusters that exist today.

Conclusions. National politicians in the era of the first five-year plan in the USSR can be described as a climax in matters of the core-novation of various spheres of life of the Soviet society. Changes in approaches to the development of industry and, first of all, agricultural farms, provided not only to the transition to new forms of management of the member economic model and, therefore, obtaining a larger and high-quality product, but also formed a new type of identity of the Soviet person, by transforming his life. These processes influenced the unity of the Soviet people before the Great Patriotic War, showing their effectiveness.

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Information about the author

Artyom A. Rybakov – Post-Graduate Student, Department of History, Philosophy, Pedagogy and Psychology, Nizhny Novgorod State Architectural and Construction University, Russia, Nizhny Novgorod (temta96@yandex.ru).

For citations

Rybakov A.A. THE POLICY OF LOCAL AUTHORITIES ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF INDUSTRY AND AGRICULTURE IN THE NATIONAL AND MIXED ETHNIC DISTRICTS OF THE GORKY TERRITORY IN THE EARLY 1930s. Historical Search, 2023, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 23–31. DOI: 10.47026/2712-9454-2023-4-1-23-31 (in Russian).

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