DOI: 10.47026/2712-9454-2023-4-1-32-38
УДК 35.075:347.157.1:[364.4-058.862](091)«1918/1935»
ББК Ч466.4к2г(2)61
Elena V. CHUGUNOVA, Inna Yu. SEMENOVA
Key words
minors, difficult adolescents, juvenile commission, homelessness, neglect, child delinquency, orphanhood, socially dangerous actions, child welfare, juvenile punishment system
Abstract
At the beginning of 1918, the Decree of the Council of People’s Commissars of the RSFSR “On Commissions for Minors” was adopted, which developed a new principle of attitude towards children – the protection of childhood, including the fight against homelessness and juvenile delinquency, which is now considered as a direct obligation of the state. The same legislative act enshrined the creation of a new institution, the competence of which included the consideration of criminal cases of persons under 17 years old, and the organization of versatile social and household assistance to juvenile delinquents.
Research objective. Analysis of the activities of juvenile commissions in post-revolutionary Russia in overcoming homelessness and child protection.
The chronological framework of the study covers the period from 1918 to 1935.
Materials and methods. When writing the work, both unpublished archival sources of the State Archive of the Russian Federation and published ones (regulations, statistics, etc.) were used. As research methods, the authors relied on the principle of historicism, objectivity and the comparative legal method.
Research results. For the first time, the legislative framework on the work of commissions on juvenile affairs and the direction of work of a state institution was studied; pro-analyzed the difficulties that the new government had to face in solving the “children’s” issue. Researchers assess the work of commissions on juvenile affairs, which either released persons who were seen in socially dangerous acts due to insignificant offenses, or placed them in one of the public charity institutions for reeducation. On the basis of a diverse source base, changes in the number of young offenders are indicated; family and living conditions and other characteristics in relation to street children were assessed. Such an aspect as the qualitative nature of changes in children’s offenses has been studied. Attention is paid to preventive and educational measures in relation to difficult adolescents. The characteristic features of the state’s policy in solving the “children’s” request during the period under review are noted.
Conclusions. The study suggests that in 1918–1935 a fundamental foundation was laid in the state case of combating homelessness and neglect, and the prevention of juvenile delinquency.
References
Information about the authors
Elena V. Chugunova – Post-Graduate Student, Russian History Department, Chuvash State University; Lecturer of the Department of Jurisprudence, Russian University of Cooperation, Russia, Mytishchi (elenavyrlan7@gmail.com; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6756-7093).
Inna Yu. Semenova – Post-Graduate Student of Historical Sciences, Russian History Department; Senior Teacher of Civil Legal Disciplines Department, Chuvash State University, Russia, Cheboksary (iysemenova@mail.ru; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7557-228X).
For citations
Chugunova E.V., Semenova I.Yu. THE WORK OF THE COMMISSION ON IMPERFECT CASES IN OVERCOMING POVERTY AND NEGLECT AND CHILD PROTECTION DURING THE YEARS OF SOVIET POWER (1918–1935). Historical Search, 2023, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 32–38. DOI: 10.47026/2712-9454-2023-4-1-32-38 (in Russian).
