Lyudmila I. Nikonova, Albina I. Minakova
DOI: 10.47026/2712-9454-2020-1-4-174-181
Key words
multi-ethnic region, the Republic of Mordovia, forced migrants, national composition, population migration
Annotation
According to the Constitution of Russia, the Russian Federation is a federal state and consists of 85 equal subjects, which are characterized by a high degree of diverse conditions and the state of social and economic development. As an object of research of migration processes, the authors considered Mordovia, included in the Russian Federation on the rights of an autonomous republic in 1936. This region of the Volga Federal District is one of the important subjects of the Russian Federation, as it is endowed with extensive areas, developed industry, good ecology, hundreds of museums; it is characterized by a multi-ethnic population structure.
The authors consider the main characteristics of spatial mobility of the Mordovian Territory population from the second half of the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century. The main tendencies of migration processes development are described. Much attention is paid to the historical nature of migration, based on scientific research and state statistics.
Formation of polyethnicity of the Mordovian Republic developed historically due to different factors and events. Events of the Second World War, which provoked refugee from Western countries to the regions of Russia, location of camps with war prisoners in the territory of the Republic, industrialization and development of industrial enterprises, which required an influx of foreign specialists and workers in imported equipment maintenance, job placement after graduation from higher educational institutions of the USSR fraternal countries, the change of social status: admission of international students, interethnic marriages. The factors of adaptation of displaced persons in the aspect of socio-cultural interaction with local residents in the Republic of Mordovia are of particular importance.
The multifaceted study of polyethnicity in the Mordovian Republic actualizes the historical analysis, which shows the role played by the representatives of foreign peoples in forming the polyethnicity of the region, for which the authors provide statistical data of the All-Union censuses of the population of 1959, 1970 and 1979, the All-Russian census of 2002 and 2010, as well as archival materials, which are located in the Central State Archives of the Republic of Mordovia.
Referenсes
- Bakaev E.I. Voyennoplennyye [Prisoners of war]. Entsiklopediya Mordovii no. 1 [Entsiklopediya of Mordovii Vol.1]. Saransk, Mordovian Publ. House, 2007, 211 p.
- Brusilov A. Na ee rukakh umirali vrazheskie plennye (voennoplennye v Dubravlage [Enemy prisoners died on her hands (prisoners of war in Dubravlag). In: Zubova Polyana. Respublika Mordoviya: istoriko-etnograficheskiy sayt [Zubova Polyana. Republic of Mordovia: historical and ethnographic site]. Available at: http://zubova-poliana.narod.ru/ warheros-dubravlag.htm (Accessed 2 September 2019).
- Vorob’eva O.D., Rybakovskii L. L., Rybakovskii O.L. Migratsionnaya politikaRossii: histriya i sovremennost’[Migration policy of Russia: History and modernity]. Moscow, Ekon-Inform Publ., 2016, 192 p.
- Vserossiiskaya perepis’ naseleniya 2002 goda. Natsional’nyi sostav naseleniya po rgionam Rossii. 2002 g [All-Russian population census 2010. National composition of the population]. Available at: http://www.demoscope.ru/ weekly/ssp/rus_nac_02.php?reg=45 (Accessed 09 December2019).
- Natsional’nyi sostav naseleniya 2010 goda. Natsional’nyy sostav naseleniya [All-Russian population census 2010. National composition of the population]. Available at: http://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/rus_nac_10.php (Accessed 05 Sertember 2019).
- Vsesoyuznaya perepis’ naseleniya 1959 goda. Natsional’nyi sostav naseleniya po regionam Rossii [1959 All-Union Population Census. National composition of the population by regions of Russia. Available at: http://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/ rus_nac_59.php? reg=84 (Accessed 09 September 2019).
- Vsesoyuznaya perepis’ naseleniya 1979 goda. Natsional’nyi sostav naseleniya po regionam Rossii [1979 All-Union Population Census. National composition of the population by regions of Russia. Available at: http://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/ ssp/rus_nac_79.php?reg=28 (Accessed 28 September 2019).
- Luzgin V.P. Evakuatsiya 1941–1942 [Evacuation in 1941 and 1942]. In: Entsiklopediya Mordovii no. 2 [Entsiklopediya of Mordovii. Vol. 2]. Saransk, Mordovian Publ. House, 2007, 538 p.
- Molin N. Narkom prosveshchenii MASSR. Velikaya otechestvennaya voyna i sovetskaya shkola [Molin N. People’s Commissar of Education of the MASSR. The Great Patriotic War and the Soviet School]. Sarsnsk, 1941.
- Nikonova L.I., Shevtsova A.A. Traditsionnaya kul’tura armyan v polikul’turnom prostranstve Respubliki Mordoviya [Traditional culture of Armenians in the multicultural space of the Republic of Mordovia]. Saransk, 2011, 224 p.
- Ukaz Prezidiuma Verkhovnogo Soveta SSSR Ob ob”yavlenii v otdel’nykh mestnostyakh SSSR voennogo polozhenii [On the declaration of martial law in certain areas of the USSR: Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of 06/23/1941]. Available at: http://www.consulant.ru/cons/cgi/online.cgi?req=doc&base=ESU&n=9366#081 08157871742079.
- Starostina O. Plennyi mir [Captive world]. Stolitsa S., 2016, no. 28, pp. 6–7.
- Gosudarstvennyi Arkhiv of the Republic of Mordovia [Central State Archive of the Republic of Mordovia], F. R-228. Op. 3.D. 136.L. 28.
- Shukshina T.I. Shkola i obrazovanie v gody Velikoi Otechestvennoi voiny: monog [School and education during the Great Patriotic War: monografia]. Saransk, 2004, 152 p.
- Urchenkov V.A., Zhiganov M.F., Yurchenkov V.A. Iz istorii formirovaniya i razvitiya rabochego klassa Mordovii [From the history of the formation and development of the working class of Mordovia]. Saransk, Mordovian Publ. House, 1989, 184 p.
Information about the authors
Lyudmila I. Nikonova – Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor, Leading Researcher, Department of Ethnography and Ethnology, Research Institute of the Humanities by the Government of the Republic of Mordovia, Russia, Saransk (congress7@list.ru; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4327-9534).
Albina I. Minakova – Post-Graduate Student, Research Institute of the Humanities by the Government of the Republic of Mordovia, Russia, Saransk; Senior Lecturer, Department of Jurisprudence, Intellectual Property and Judicial, Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Russia, Moscow (mau@bmstu.ru; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3938-7276).
For citations
Nikonova L.I., Minakova A.I. HISTORICAL NATURE OF MIGRATIONS IN THE REPUBLIC OF MORDOVIA. Historical Search, 2020, vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 174–181. DOI: 10.47026/2712-9454-2020-1-4-174-181 (in Russian).
Download the full article
