FIGHT AGAINST NEGATIVE MANIFESTATIONS IN INTERETHNIC RELATIONS AMONG WORKERS IN 1928–1932 (based on the materials of the Chuvash ASSR)

DOI: 10.47026/2712-9454-2023-4-2-40-50

УДК 94(470.344)«1928/1932»:323.12

ББК Т3(2Рос.Чув)614-454

Tatiana V. YUSTUS

Key words

the Chuvash ASSR, national politics, socialism, working class, interethnic relations, factory apprenticeship schools, educational work, indigenous peoples

Abstract

Turning to the experience of Soviet national politics as a subject of research is very relevant. The scientific novelty of the work consists in an attempt to conceptualize topical and important issues of interethnic relations (in particular, negative manifestations on interethnic grounds in labor collectives) in specific historical periods of establishing the Soviet society.

The purpose of the study is to study the problem of negative manifestations among workers living in the territory of the Chuvash Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (Chuvash ASSR) during establishment of early socialism and the experience of overcoming such problems in the specified historical period of 1928–1932 on the basis of the national policy of the Soviet state.

Materials and methods. Materials from the State Archive of Modern History of the Chuvash Republic and publications of the republican periodical press were used, which served as a source base for analyzing the issues of interaction and coordination in implementing the decisions of the center, regional authorities and public organizations related to emerging problems in interethnic contacts among the working population.

Study results. The policy pursued by the state in the field of national relations affected all spheres of social development, it was in a special way in the manufacturing sector, which plays a system-forming role for establishing a new type of society. In the national autonomies, there was a weak level of the population’s involvement in industrial production due to the absence of large factories in these territories. To solve this problem, additional training programs for working specialties were actively developed and used. To a large extent, new approaches to involving national enclaves in establishing a new society were largely associated with greater conservatism, and everything new was perceived as alien.

From 1929 to 1936 the Chuvash ASSR was part of Nizhny Novgorod Region (after 1932 – Gorky Region), initially indigenous peoples lived in the region – the Russians, the Chuvash, the Mari, the Mordovians, the Tatars and other ethnic groups. And that is why increased attention was paid to issues of national policy, especially within the framework of korenization policy carried out throughout the state. The changes taking place in multinational territories aroused additional interest on the part of the central government, which directly contributed to allocating additional resources and opportunities for solving many socio-economic issues.

The article presents some problems of interethnic communications, issues of behavior in deviant actions in the labor collectives of various industrial centers of the ChASSR, which in the studied years were assessed as “chauvinistic”.

Conclusions. In the issues of industrial development in the years under study, the party and the state carried out a wide political and educational work, which was aimed at spreading the ideology of proletarian internationalism, which ensured active involvement of workers of all nationalities in socialist work on the basis of socio-economic and cultural transformations. Mandatory implementation of regulatory measures to stabilize national relations among the working masses, as well as condemnation and suppression of discriminatory manifestations at the enterprises of the republic had a positive impact on solving this problem.

References

1. Avtogigant vstupaet v stroi [The auto giant comes into operation]. Krasnaya Chuvashiya, 1931, no. 244, Nov. 1, p. 1. Available at: http://elbib.nbchr.ru/lib_files/0/krch_0_1931244.pdf (Access Date: 2023, Jan. 31).
2. Vdovin A.I., Zorin V.Yu., Nikonov A.V. Russkii narod v natsional’noi politike. XX vek [Russian people in national politics. 20^thcentury]. Moscow, Russkiy mir Publ., 1998, 443 p.
3. V korne vytravit’ proyavleniya velikoderzhavnichestva na lesozavode «Krest’yanin» [Root out the manifestations of great power at the sawmill “Peasant”]. Krasnaya Chuvashiya, 1931, no. 176, Aug. 7, p. 2. Available at: http://elbib.nbchr.ru/lib_files/0/krch_0_1931176.pdf (Access Date: 2023, Jan. 31).
4. VKP(b) v rezolyutsiyakh i resheniyakh s”ezdov, konferentsii, plenumov TsK. 1898–1939. 6-e. izd.[VKP(b) in resolutions and decisions of congresses, conferences, plenums of the Central Committee. 1898–1939. 6^th]. Moscow, Gospolitizdat Publ., 1941, Part 1, 714 p.
5. Krepko udarit’ po rukam sryvayushchikh podgotovku natsional’nykh kadrov proletariata [To hit hard on the hands of those disrupting the training of national cadres of the proletariat]. Krasnaya Chuvashiya, 1931, no. 243. Oct. 31, p. 3. Available at: http://elbib.nbchr.ru/lib_files/0/krch_0_1931243.pdf (Access Date: 2023, Jan. 31).
6. Perevybory v Alatyrskom uchebnom kombinate [Re-elections in the Alatyrsky training center]. Krasnaya Chuvashiya, 1931, no. 285, Dec. 24, p. 2. Available at: http://elbib.nbchr.ru/-lib_files/0/krch_0_1931285.pdf (Access Date 2023, January 31).
7. Gosudarstvennyi arkhiv sovremennoi istorii Chuvashskoi Respubliki.Fond 1. Opis 12 [State Archives of Modern History of the Chuvash Republic. Archive 1. Anagraph 12].
8. Gosudarstvennyi arkhiv sovremennoi istorii Chuvashskoi Respubliki. Fond 1. Opis 13[State Archives of Modern History of the Chuvash Republic. Archive 1. Anagraph 13].
9. X s”ezd RKP(b). Mart 1921. Stenograficheskii otchet [X Congress of the RCP(b). March 1921. Verbatim record]. Moscow, Gospolitizdat Publ., 1963, 915 p.
10. Eshche ob urokakh pravo-opportunistineskikh vystuplenii v yacheike Chuvashrabfaka [More about the lessons of right-opportunist speeches in the cell of the Chuvashrabfak]. Krasnaya Chuvashiya, 1930, no. 238, Oct. 13, p. 2. Available at: http://elbib.nbchr.ru/lib_files/0/krch_0_1930238.pdf (Access Date: 2023, Jan. 31).
11. Za chetkuyu proletarskuyu liniyu v natsional’nom voprose [For a clear proletarian line on the national question]. Krasnaya Chuvashiya, 1930, no. 186,Aug. 14, p. 2. Available at: http://elbib.nbchr.ru/lib_files/0/krch_0_1930186.pdf (Access Date: 2023, Jan. 31).
12. Itogi IV Cheboksarskoi raionnoi konferentsii Osoaviakhima [Results of the IV Cheboksary regional conference of Osoaviakhim]. Krasnaya Chuvashiya, 1931, no. 253, Jan. 1, p. 4. Available at: http://elbib.nbchr.ru/lib_files/0/krch_0_1931025.pdf (Access Date: 2023, Jan. 31).
13. Velikoderzhavnomu nakhal’stvu polozhit’ konets [Put an end to great power insolence]. Krasnaya Chuvashiya, 1930, no. 272, Nov. 24, p. 3. Available at: http://elbib.nbchr.ru/lib_files/0/krch_0_1930272.pdf (Access Date: 2023, Jan. 31).
14. O kul’turnom stroitel’stve i podgotovke kadrov. Postanovlenie IV Vsechuvashskogo s”ezda Sovetov [On cultural construction and training of personnel. Decree of the IV All-Chuvash Congress of Soviets]. Krasnaya Chuvashiya, 1931, no. 43, Feb. 21, p. 2. Available at: http://elbib.nbchr.ru/lib_files/0/krch_0_1931043.pdf (Access Date: 2023, Jan. 31).
15. O podkhode i provedenii mesyachnika kollektivizatsii i urozhaya po ChASSR s 1-go oktyabrya po 1-e noyabrya 1931 goda. Postanovlenie byuro Chuvashobkoma VKP (b) ot 11-go sentyabrya 1931 g. [On the approach and conduct of the month of collectivization and harvest in the ChASSR from October 1 to November 1, 1931. Decree of the bureau of the Chuvashobkom of the CPSU(b) of September 11, 1931]. Krasnaya Chuvashiya, 1931, no. 207, Sept. 16, p. 1. Available at: http://elbib.nbchr.ru/lib_files/0/krch_0_1931207.pdf (Access Date: 2023, Jan. 31).
16. Promyshlennost’ i rabochii klass Chuvashii; 1920–1950 gody: sb. dok. [Industry and the working class of Chuvashia; 1920–1950]. Cheboksary, Chuvash book publishing house Publ., 1985, Part 1, 364 p.
17. Rodionov M. Bez ostatka vykorchevat’ velikoderzhavnym shovinizm [Root out great-power chauvinism without a trace]. Krasnaya Chuvashiya, 1930, no. 161, July 15, p. 2. Available at: http://elbib.nbchr.ru/lib_files/0/krch_0_1930161.pdf (Access Date: 2023, Jan. 31).
18. Komsomol Chuvashii v bor’be za avtozavod [Komsomol of Chuvashia in the struggle for a car factory]. Krasnaya Chuvashiya, 1931, no. 244, Nov. 1, p. 1. Available at: http://elbib.nbchr.ru/lib_files/0/krch_0_1931244.pdf (Access Date: 2023, Jan. 31).
19. Usilit’ bol’shevistskuyu bditel’nost’ v natsional’noi politike na bor’bu protiv velikoderzhavnogo shovinizma-glavnoi opasnosti mestnogo natsionalizma [Strengthen Bolshevik vigilance in national policyagainst great-power chauvinism, the main danger of local nationalism]. Krasnaya Chuvashiya, 1930, no. 196, Aug. 25, p. 2. Available at: http://elbib.nbchr.ru/lib_files/0/krch_0_1930196.pdf (Access Date: 2023, Jan. 31).
20. Usilit’ bor’bu za leninskuyu natsional’nuyu politiku [Strengthen the struggle for the Leninist nationality policy]. Krasnaya Chuvashiya, 1929, no. 61, Dec. 29, p. 2. Available at: http://elbib.nbchr.ru/lib_files/0/krch_0_1929061.pdf (Access Date: 2023, Jan. 31).
21. Uyar F.E. Iz istorii Chuvashskoi periodicheskoi pechati [From the history of the Chuvash periodical press].Uchenye zapiski. Vyp. XI [Scientific notes. Iss.XI]. Cheboksary, Chuvash Publ. House, 1955, pp. 269–274.
22. Cikunov V. Tyurleminskie shovinisty [Tyurlemin chauvinists].Krasnaya Chuvashiya, 1929, no. 15, Nov. 2, p. 4. Available at: http://elbib.nbchr.ru/lib_files/0/krch_0_1929015.pdf (Access Date: 2023, Jan. 31).
23. VI Chuvashskaya oblastnaya partkonferentsiya[VI Chuvash Regional Party Conference].Krasnaya Chuvashiya, 1932, no. 16, Jan. 18, p. 1. Available at: http://elbib.nbchr.ru/lib_files/0/krch_0_1932016.pdf (Access Date: 2023, Jan. 31).

Information about the author

Tatiana V. Yustus – Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Russian History, Chuvash State University, Russia, Cheboksary (tosj9@rambler.ru; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4660-0486 ).

For citations

Yustus T.V. FIGHT AGAINST NEGATIVE MANIFESTATIONS IN INTERETHNIC RELATIONS AMONG WORKERS IN 1928–1932 (based on the materials of the Chuvash ASSR). Historical Search, 2023, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 40–50. DOI: 10.47026/2712-9454-2023-4-2-40-50 (in Russian).

Download the full article