DOI: 10.47026/2712-9454-2023-4-3-24-42
УДК 323.1(470.344+470.41+470.57)
ББК Ф3(2Рос-14),5
Elena K. MINEEVA, Alevtina P. ZYKINA, Aleksey I. MINEEV
Key words
National policy of the state, interethnic relations, Strategy of the state national policy of the Russian Federation, national and cultural autonomies, Bashkortostan, Tatarstan, Chuvashia
Abstract
Studying various aspects of the national policy of the Russian Federation in modern conditions attracts the attention of many researchers. This is due, firstly, to the rapid development of ethnic processes in the countries of Western Europe, and secondly, to the uniqueness of our country as a multinational and multi-confessional state.
The purpose of the research is to study the peculiarities of the state national policy in modern conditions on the example of three multinational republics of the Russian Federation.
Materials and methods. The theoretical and methodological basis of the article was the fundamental principles for organizing research: scientific objectivity, historicism, consistency, comprehensiveness and complexity, recognizing legitimacy of pluralism in the research process, focusing on the study of events and phenomena of the past in all their complexity, inconsistency, mutual conditionality, in accordance with the specifics of the historical era, in connection with modernity. In addition to methodological approaches, the study of the topic of the article assumes mandatory knowledge of the literature and sources that make up the basic part of the study process.
Results. The article characterizes the current state of interethnic relations in Russia on the example of three national republics: Bashkortostan, Tatarstan and Chuvashia, which are polyethnic and multi-confessional subjects of the Russian Federation. The choice of these regions of the Ural-Volga region is due to the fact that the titular ethnic groups here are related Turkic peoples: the Bashkirs, the Tatars and the Chuvash. When implementing the policy in the field of interethnic interaction in the country, the state authorities rely on such fundamental documents as the “Concept of the State National Policy of the Russian Federation” (1996), the Law of the Russian Federation “On National and Cultural Autonomy” (1996), the “Strategy of the State National Policy of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2025” (2012) and others.
The article discusses the activities of regional authorities on forming mutual understanding and consent between ethnic groups living within individual republics. Each subject adopted special programs to implement the Strategy of the state national policy of the Russian Federation, taking into account its socio-economic and ethno-cultural development. Some attention is also paid to the activities carried out by national cultural autonomies in the national republics under consideration.
Conclusions. In order to solve the research tasks set in the article, the authors analyzed the data of sociological surveys conducted to study ethno-cultural processes in the subjects of the Russian Federation, as well as examined the assessment of various aspects in interethnic relations by the population pf three republics; a special emphasis is placed on the views and assessment of young people regarding the relationship between representatives of different peoples, about the level of well-being in the confessional and interethnic spheres. The analysis of the state national policy of Russia at the present stage testifies to the great attention on the part of the governing bodies of the Russian Federation to interethnic problems in the multinational state: timely adoption of conceptual and regulatory legal acts; formation and control of authorities and public institutions responsible for issues of interethnic interaction, as well as organization of their activities; involvement of politicians and researchers in the study of state policy in order to improve it. However, despite concrete steps in the field of interethnic interaction both in the center and on the ground, often of a preventive nature, it is not always possible to overcome inconsistency of the national issue in full, especially for multi-ethnic subjects of the Russian Federation. To one degree or another, conflict situations manifest themselves in them, they are primarily associated with such a factor of modernity as the desire of peoples to preserve and fully develop national languages and culture. Migration flows and population changes are beginning to play an important role in the regions, which is proved by the population censuses of recent years, but the main thing is the state of interethnic coexistence in the country, for example, on the materials of the Republics of Bashkortostan, Tatarstan and Chuvashia.
References
- Assambleya narodov Tatarstana [Assembly of Peoples of Tatarstan]. Available at: https://antat.tmweb.ru/natsionalnaia-politika-v-rt/ (Access Data: 2023, 19 May 2023).
- Boiko I.I. Etnokul’turnoe razvitie i mezhnatsional’nye otnosheniya v Chuvashskoi Respublike [Ethnocultural development and interethnic relations in the Chuvash Republic]. Vestnik Chuvashskogo universiteta, 2013, no. 4, pp. 5–9.
- Boiko I.I., Karpov A.V., Karpova O.V. Mnenie ekspertnogo soobshchestva o nekotorykh problemah natsional’noi politiki v Chuvashii [Opinion of the expert community on some problems of national policy in Chuvashia]. Vestnik Chuvashskogo universiteta, 2021, no. 4, pp. 5–14.
- Vladimir Putin. Rossiya: natsional’nyi vopros [Russia: a national question]. Nezavisimaya gazeta [Independent Newspaper]. 23 January 2012. Available at: https://www.ng.ru/politics/2012-01-23/1_national.html (Access Data: 2023, May 12).
- Guzel’baeva G. Mezhyetnicheskie vzaimodeistviya v Respublike Tatarstan: sovremennoe sostoyanie i novye vyzovy [Interethnic interactions in the Republic of Tatarstan: current state and new challenges]. Kazanskii social’no-gumanitarnyi vestnik, 2015, no. 3(16), pp. 8–12.
- Den’ pamyati zhertv vzyatiya Kazani pri Ivane IV poyavilsya v Tatarstane.eto grozit konfliktami s russkimi? [The Day of remembrance of the victims of the capture of Kazan under Ivan IV appeared in Tatarstan. Does it threaten conflicts with the Russians?]. Available at: https://360tv.ru/tekst/obschestvo/den-pamjati-zhertv-vzjatija-kazani/ (Access Data: 2023, May 29).
- Zhiteli Tatarii ocenili mezhnatsional’nye otnosheniya v regione [Residents of Tatarstan assessed interethnic relations in the region]. Available at: https://rossaprimavera.ru/news/5d69ab3c (Access Data: 2023, May 29).
- Zasedanie Soveta po mezhnatsional’nym otnosheniyam [Meeting of the Council on Interethnic Relations]. Available at: http://kremlin.ru/events/councils/by-council/28/71165 (Access Data: 2023, May 26).
- Il’in I.E. Sovremennyeetnosocial’nye processy v Chuvashskoi Respublike [Modern ethnosocial processes in the Chuvash Republic]. Vestnik Chuvashskogo gosudarstvennogo pedagogicheskogo universiteta im. I. Ya. Yakovleva, 2012, no. 2(74), Chast’ 2, pp. 47–53.
- Kadyrov R.V. Problemy edinstva mnogonatsional’nogo narod Tatarstana: sovremennye tendentsii i mehanizmy gosudarstvennogo regulirovaniya [Problems of unity of the multinational people of Tatarstan: modern trends and mechanisms of state regulation]. Vestnik Kazanskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta kul’tury i iskusstv, 2015, no. 4-1, pp. 115–117.
- Konceptsiya gosudarstvennoi natsional’noi politiki Rossiiskoi Federatsii, utverzhdennaya Ukazom Prezidenta RF ot 15 iiunya 1996 g. no. 909 [The concept of the State national policy of the Russian Federation, approved by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 909 of June 15, 1996]. Available at: http://www.consultant.ru (Access Data: 2022, July 15).
- Larionova I.V., Maksimova O.A. Faktoryetnicheskoi tolerantnosti v Respublike Tatarstan: pokolencheskii aspekt [Factors of ethnic tolerance in the Republic of Tatarstan: generational aspect]. Vestnikekonomiki, prava i sociologii, 2015, no. 3, pp. 226–230.
- Makukhin F. Separatizm – spyashchii pjos Tatarstana [Separatism is the sleeping dog of Tatarstan]. Available at: https://news.rambler.ru/other/44178915-separatizm-spyaschiy-pes-tatarstana/ (Access Data: 2023, May 29).
- Mastyugina T.M., Perepelkin L.S., Stel’mah V.G. Natsional’naya politika v Rossii: XVI – nachalo XXI veka [National policy in Russia: XVI – the beginning of the XXI century]. Moscow, Forum Publ., 2013, 304 p.
- Materialy k zasedaniiu Soveta pri Prezidente Respubliki Tatarstan po mezhnatsional’nym i mezhkonfessional’nym otnosheniyam. 14 dekabrya 2018 goda [Materials for the meeting of the Council under the President of the Republic of Tatarstan on interethnic and interfaith relations. December 14, 2018]. Available at: https://tatarstan.ru/file/File/Broshura_14_12_2018_1.pdf (Access Data: 2023, May 29).
- Mineev A.I., Mineeva E.K. Mezhyetnicheskoe vzaimodeistvie v Chuvashskoi Respublike na sovremennometape: sociologicheskii opros [Interethnic interaction in the Chuvash Republic at the present stage: a sociological survey]. Studia Humanitatis, 2018, no. 3, p. 13. Available at: https:www.st-hum.ru (Access Data: 2023, May 29).
- Mineeva E.K. Avtonomii Srednego Povolzh’ya v sistemeekonomicheskogo raionirovaniya sovetskoi Rossii (20–30-e gody XX veka) [Autonomy of the Middle Volga region in the system of economic zoning of Soviet Russia (20–30s of the XX century)]. Vestnik Saratovskogo gosudarstvennogo social’no-yekonomicheskogo universiteta, 2008, no. 1(20), pp. 113–117.
- Mineeva E.K. Voprosy natsional’no gosudarstvennogo stroitel’stva v trudah istorikov-pedagogov Chuvashii [Issues of national state construction in the works of historians and teachers of Chuvashia]. Prepodavatel’ XXI vek, 2008, no. 1, pp. 115–122.
- Minobrnauki Rossii beret na kontrol’ ispolnenie poruchenii Prezidenta Rossiiskoi Federatsii ob izuchenii russkogo i natsional’nykh yazykov v shkolah [The Ministry of Education and Science of Russia takes control of the execution of the instructions of the President of the Russian Federation on the study of Russian and national languages in schools]. Available at: https://mon.tatarstan.ru/index.htm/news/1000770.htm (Access Data: 2023, June 4).
- Muhametshin F.H. Opyt vzaimodeistviya social’nykh institutov v realizatsii gosudarstvennoi natsional’noi politiki v Respublike Tatarstan [The experience of interaction of social institutions in the implementation of state national policy in the Republic of Tatarstan]. In: XIII Kongress antropologov ietnologov Rossii: sb. materialov [XIII Congress of Anthropologists and Ethnologists of Russia: collection of materials]. Moscow, Kazan, 2019, pp. 6–10.
- Naselenie Respubliki Tatarstan [Population of the Republic of Tatarstan]. Available at: https://bdex.ru/naselenie/respublika-tatarstan/ (Access Data: 2023, May 14).
- Naselenie Chuvashskoi Respubliki [Population of the Chuvash Republic]. Available at: https://bdex.ru/naselenie/chuvashskaya-respublika/ (Access Data: 2023, May 14).
- Natsional’no-kul’turnye ob’’edineniya Chuvashskoi Respubliki [National and cultural associations of the Chuvash Republic]. Available at: https://culture.cap.ru/about/koordinacionnie-i-soveschateljnie-organi/koordinacionnie-i-sovescha¬telj¬nie-organi-obrazovan/sovet-po-delam-nacionaljnostej-chuvashskoj-respubl/nacionaljno-kuljturnie-objedineniya-chuvashskoj-re (Access Data: 2023, May 14).
- O realizatsii natsional’noi politiki v Respubliki Tatarstan [On the implementation of the national policy in the Republic of Tatarstan]. Available at: https://gossov.tatarstan.ru/file/gossov/docs/other_14174.pdf (Access Data: 2023, May 29).
- Ob itogah ispolneniya Plana meropriyatii po realizatsii v 2014–2021 godah v Chuvashskoi Respublike Strategii gosudarstvennoi natsional’noi politiki Rossiiskoi Federatsii na period do 2025 goda [On the results of the implementation of the Action Plan for the implementation in 2014-2021 in the Chuvash Republic of the Strategy of the State National Policy of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2025]. Available at: https://culture.cap.ru/news/vistupleniya-i-prezentacii/2021-god/2411-ob-itogah-ispolneniya-plana-meropriyatij-po-r (Access Data: 2023, May 29).
- Ob opyte raboty Respubliki Tatarstan v sfereetnokonfessional’nykh otnoshenii [About the experience of the Republic of Tatarstan in the field of ethno-confessional relations]. Available at: https://upch.tatarstan.ru/rus/file/pub/pub675114.pdf (Access Data: 2023, May 29).
- Ob utverzhdenii Plana meropriyatii po realizatsii v 2014−2020 godah v Chuvashskoi Respublike Strategii gosudarstvennoi natsional’noi politiki Rossiiskoi Federatsii na period do 2025 goda [On the approval of the Action Plan for the implementation in 2014−2020 in the Chuvash Republic of the Strategy of the State National Policy of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2025]. Available at: https://cap.ru/doc/laws/2014/04/04/disposal_179275 (Access Data: 2023, May 12).
- Podpisan Ukaz o vnesenii izmenenii v Strategiiu gosudarstvennoi natsional’noi politiki na period do 2025 goda [A decree on amendments to the Strategy of the State Ethnic Policy for the period up to 2025 was signed]. Available at: http://www.kremlin.ru/acts/news/59348 (Access Data: 29 May 2023).
- Popov N. «Natsional’no ozabochennye». Zachem vlasti Tatarstana vstupili v konflikt sKremlem [“Nationally concerned”. Why the authorities of Tatarstan came into conflict Available at: https://dailystorm.ru/vlast/nacionalno-ozabochennye-zachem-vlasti-tatarstana-vstupili-v-konflikt-s-kremlem (Access Data: 2023, May 29).
- Rokina G.V. Strategicheskie podhody k zakonodatel’nomu i resursnomu obespecheniiu gosudarstvennoi natsional’noi politiki Rossiiskoi Federatsii [Strategic approaches to legislative and resource support of the state national policy of the Russian Federation]. Innovatsionnye tehnologii upravleniya i prava, 2012, no.3(4), pp. 7–9.
- Rossiya 2015: statisticheskii sbornik [Russia 2015: statistical collection]. Moscow, Rosstat Publ., 2015, 615 p.
- Rossiya v cifrah. 2012 [Russia in numbers. 2012]. Available at: https://gks.ru/bgd/regl/b12_11/Main.htm (Access Data: 2019, July 15).
- Sokolova F.H.evoljuciya natsional’noi politiki Rossii v konce XX – nachale XXI veka [The evolution of Russia’s national policy in the late XX – early XXI century]. Vestnik Severnogo (Arkticheskogo) federal’nogo universiteta, 2016, no. 6, pp. 54–67.
- Ukaz Prezidenta RF ot 19 dekabrya 2012 g. no. 1666 «O Strategii gosudarstvennoi natsional’noi politiki Rossiiskoi Federatsii na period do 2025 goda» [Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated December 19, 2012 No. 1666 “On the Strategy of the State National Policy of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2025”]. Available at: https://www.garant.ru/products/ipo/prime/doc/70184810/ (Access Data: 2023, May 13).
- Chuvashiya – region so stabil’noi obstanovkoi v sfere mezhnatsional’nykh otnoshenii [Chuvashia is a region with a stable situation in the sphere of interethnic relations]. Available at: http://sovch.chuvashia.com/?p=126100 (Access Data: 2023, May 29).
- Mineeva E.K., ed., Mineeva E.K., Sokolova V.I., Zeleneev Yu.A. et al. Chuvashiya kak poliyetnicheskii region v natsional’noi politike Rossii konca XIX – nachala XXI veka: istoricheskii opyt i perspektivy razvitiya [Chuvashia as a multiethnic region in the national policy of Russia of the late XIX – early XXI century: historical experience and prospects of development]. Cheboksary, Novoe vremya Publ., 2019, 200 p.
- Shehmamet’eva V.A. Gosudarstvennoe regulirovanie mezhyetnicheskih otnoshenii v respublikah Privolzhskogo federal’nogo okruga [State regulation of interethnic relations in the republics of the Volga Federal District]. Regionologiya, 2009, no. 3 (68), pp. 243–248.
- Shukenova A.M. Osnovnye problemy realizatsii strategii natsional’noi politiki v RF [The main problems of implementing the strategy of national policy in the Russian Federation]. In: Molodezhnaya politicheskaya nauka v Saratove [Youth political Science in Saratov]. Saratov, Saratovskii istochnik Publ., 2018, pp. 99–104.
Information about the authors
Elena K. Mineeva – Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor, Department of Russian History, Chuvash State University, Russia, Cheboksary (mineevaek21@mail.ru; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8301-9951).
Alevtina P. Zykina – Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Russian History, Chuvash State University, Cheboksary, Russia (alevtina-pet@mail.ru; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3486-706X).
Aleksey I. Mineev – Candidate of Historical Sciences, Head of Research and Training Center 1C, Leader Soft Implementation Center LLC, Russia, Cheboksary (minalig@inbox.ru; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5791-6210).
For citations
Mineeva E.K., Zykina A.P., Mineev A.I. FEATURES OF THE STATE NATIONAL POLICY AND INTERETHNIC INTERACTION IN THE REGIONS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION (based on the materials of Bashkortostan, Tatarstan and Chuvashia). PART 1. Historical Search, 2023, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 24–42. DOI: 10.47026/2712-9454-2023-4-3-24-42 (in Russian).
Download the full article