Features of the state national policy and interethnic interaction in the regions of the Russian Federation (based on the materials of Bashkortostan, Tatarstan and Chuvashia). Part 2

DOI: 10.47026/2712-9454-2023-4-4-27-37

УДК 323.1(470.344+470.41+470.57)

ББК Ф3(2Рос-14),5

Elena K. MINEEVA, Alevtina P. ZYKINA, Aleksey I. MINEEV

Key words

national policy of the state, interethnic relations, Strategy of the State National Policy of the Russian Federation, national and cultural autonomies, Bashkortostan, Tatarstan, Chuvashia

Abstract

Studying various aspects of the national policy of the Russian Federation in modern conditions attracts the attention of many researchers. This is due, firstly, to the rapid development of ethnic processes in the countries of Western Europe, and secondly, to the uniqueness of our country as a multinational and multi-confessional state.

The purpose of the research is to study the peculiarities of the state national policy in modern conditions on the example of three multinational republics of the Russian Federation.

Materials and methods. The theoretical and methodological basis of the article was made by the fundamental principles for organizing research: scientific objectivity, historicism, consistency, comprehensiveness and complexity, recognizing legitimacy of pluralism in the research process, focusing on studying the events and phenomena of the past in all their complexity, inconsistency, mutual conditionality, in accordance with the specifics of the historical era, in connection with modernity. Besides methodological approaches, studying the topic of the article assumes mandatory knowledge of the literature and sources that make up the basic part of the research process.

Results. The article characterizes current state of interethnic relations in Russia on the example of three national republics: Bashkortostan, Tatarstan and Chuvashia, which are polyethnic and multi-confessional subjects of the Russian Federation. Choosing these regions of the Ural-Volga region is conditioned by the fact that the titular ethnic groups here are cognate Turkic peoples: the Bashkirs, the Tatars and the Chuvash. When implementing the policy in the field of interethnic interaction in the country, the state authorities rely on such fundamental documents as the “Concept of the State National Policy of the Russian Federation” (1996), the Law of the Russian Federation “On National and Cultural Autonomy” (1996), the “Strategy of the State National Policy of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2025” (2012) and others.

The article discusses the activities of regional authorities on forming mutual understanding and consent between ethnic groups living within individual republics. Each subject adopted special programs to implement the Strategy of the state national policy of the Russian Federation, taking into account its socio-economic and ethno-cultural development. Some attention is also paid to the activities carried out by national cultural autonomies in the national republics under consideration.

Conclusions. In order to solve the research tasks set in the article, the authors analyzed the data of sociological surveys conducted to study ethno-cultural processes in the subjects of the Russian Federation, and examined the assessment of various aspects in interethnic relations by the population pf three republics; a separate emphasis is placed on the views and assessment of young people regarding the relationship between representatives of different peoples, about the level of well-being in the confessional and interethnic spheres. The analysis of the state national policy of Russia at the present stage testifies to the great attention on the part of the governing bodies of the Russian Federation to interethnic problems in the multinational state: timely adoption of conceptual and regulatory legal acts; formation and control of authorities and public institutions responsible for issues of interethnic interaction, as well as organization of their activities; involvement of politicians and researchers in the study of state policy in order to improve it. However, despite concrete steps in the field of interethnic interaction both in the center and on the ground, often of a preventive nature, it is not always possible to overcome inconsistency of the national issue in full, especially for multi-ethnic subjects of the Russian Federation. To one degree or another, there are manifestations of conflict situations in them, they are primarily associated with such a factor of modernity as the desire of peoples to preserve and fully develop national languages and culture. Migration flows and population changes are beginning to play an important role in the regions, which is proved by the population censuses of recent years, but the main thing is the state of interethnic coexistence in the country, for example, on the materials of the Republics of Bashkortostan, Tatarstan and Chuvashia.

References

1. Assambleya narodov Bashkortostana sobrala v Ufe predstavitelei samykh raznykh natsional’nostei [The Assembly of the Peoples of Bashkortostan gathered representatives of various nationalities in Ufa]. Available at: https://www.bashinform.ru/news/social/2015-04-28/assambleya-narodov-bashkortostana-sobrala-v-ufe-predstaviteley-samyh-raznyh-natsionalnostey-2235166#ixzz3YfzM1YmW (Access Data: 2023, May 25).
2. «Bashkort» priznali ekstremistskim soglasno traditsiyam [Bashkort” was recognized as extremist according to traditions]. Available at: https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/4355087 (Access Data: 2023, May 25).
3. V Bashkirii predstaviteli raznykh natsional’nostei dobrozhelatel’no otnosyatsya drug k drugu [In Bashkiria, representatives of different nationalities are friendly to each other]. Available at: https://i-gazeta.com/news/novosti/2023-05-19/v-bashkirii-predstaviteli-raznyh-natsionalnostey-dobrozhelatelno-otnosyatsya-drug-k-drugu-ekspert-3264777 (Access Data: 2023, May 30).
4. V Pravitel’stve Bashkortostana proshlo zasedanie obnovlennogo Soveta pri Glave Respubliki Bashkortostan po mezhnatsional’nym otnosheniyam [The Government of Bashkortostan held a meeting of the updated Council under the Head of the Republic of Bashkortostan on interethnic relations]. Available at: https://pravitelstvorb.ru/news/13511/ (Access Data: 2023, May 30).
5. Zasedanie prezidiuma Soveta po mezhnatsional’nym otnosheniyam 17 marta 2023 g. [Meeting of the Presidium of the Council on Interethnic Relations on March 17, 2023]. Available at: http://www.kremlin.ru/events/administration/70711 (Access Data: 2023, May 13).
6. Zasedanie Soveta po mezhnatsional’nym otnosheniyam 19 maya 2023 g. [Meeting of the Council on Interethnic Relations on May 19, 2023]. Available at: http://kremlin.ru/events/councils/by-council/28/71165 (Access Data: 2023, May 26).
7. Mineeva E.K. Avtonomii Srednego Povolzh’ya v sisteme ekonomicheskogo raionirovaniya sovetskoi Rossii (20-30-e gody XX veka) [Autonomy of the Middle Volga region in the system of economic zoning of Soviet Russia (20–30s of the XX century)]. Vestnik Saratovskogo gosudarstvennogo social’no-ekonomicheskogo universiteta, 2008, no. 1(20), pp. 113–117.
8. Mineeva E.K., Starostin A.N., Mineev A.I. Vospriyatie tyurkskimi narodami Uralo-Povolzh’ya etnokonfessional’noi situatsii v regionakh prozhivaniya: titul’nye etnosy i transgranichnoe vzaimodeistvie [Perception by the Turkic peoples of the Ural-Volga region of the ethno-confessional situation in the regions of residence: titular ethnic groups and cross-border interaction]. Voprosy istorii, 2022, no. 8-2, pp. 17–32.
9. Naselenie Respubliki Bashkortostan [Population of the Republic of Bashkortostan]. Available at: https://bdex.ru/naselenie/respublika-bashkortostan/ (Access Data: 2023, May 14).
10. Nugumanov M.M. Vliyanie sovremennoi etnopoliticheskoi situatsii na sostoyanie mezhnatsional’nykh otnoshenii v Respublike Bashkortostan [Influence of the modern ethnopolitical situation on the state of interethnic relations in the Republic of Bashkortostan]. Interaktivnaya nauka, 2021, no. 3, pp. 69–72.
11. Obshchestvennye organizatsii i natsional’no kul’turnye tsentry [Public organizations and national cultural centers]. Available at: https:// bashenc.online/ru/articles/96637/ (Access Data: 2023, May 22).
12. Otchet o khode i ob otsenke effektivnosti realizatsii gosudarstvennoi programmy «Realizatsiya gosudarstvennoi natsional’noi politiki v Respublike Bashkortostan» za 2022 god [Report on the progress and evaluation of the effectiveness of the implementation of the state program “Implementation of State national policy in the Republic of Bashkortostan” for 2022]. Available at: https://culture.bashkortostan.ru/documents/reports/488626/ (Access Data: 2023, May 30).
13. Reiting mezhetnicheskoi napryazhennosti regionov Rossiiskoi Federatsii [Rating of interethnic tension in the regions of the Russian Federation]. Etnodialogi, 2014, no. 2(46), pp. 32–37.
14. Rozhkova L.V., Mikhneva S.G., Maslov D.G. Mezhetnicheskie vzaimodeistviya v polikul’turnykh regionakh kak faktor obespecheniya natsional’noi bezopasnosti [Interethnic interactions in multicultural regions as a factor of ensuring national security]. Logos et Praxis, 2017, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 82–92.
15. Stabil’nye mezhnatsional’nye otnosheniya v RB – rezul’tat sovmestnoi raboty organov vlasti i obshchestva [Stable interethnic relations in the Republic of Belarus – the result of joint work of authorities and society]. Available at: https://ufa.mk.ru/politics/2020/02/12/stabilnye-mezhnacionalnye-otnosheniya-v-rb-rezultat-sovmestnoy-raboty-organov-vlasti-i-obshhestva.html (Access Data: 2023, May 30).
16. Ukaz o merakh po realizatsii v Bashkortostane gosudarstvennoi natsional’noi politiki [Decree on measures to implement the state national policy in Bashkortostan]. Available at: https://bash.addnt.ru/ukaz-o-merakh-po-realizacii-v-bashkortos/ (Access Data: 2023, May 30).
17. Khismatullin I.R. Etnicheskaya politika v Bashkortostane: osobennosti i problemy etnopoliticheskogo i etnosotsial’nogo razvitiya respubliki [Ethnic policy in Bashkortostan: features and problems of ethnopolitical and ethnosocial development of the republic]. Istoricheskie, filosofskie, politicheskie i yuridicheskie nauki, kul’turologiya i iskusstvovedenie. Voprosy teorii i praktiki, 2015, no. 8-3(58), pp. 195–199.

Information about the authors

Elena K. Mineeva – Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor, Department of Russian History, Chuvash State University, Russia, Cheboksary (mineevaek21@mail.ru; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8301-9951).

Alevtina P. Zykina – Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Russian History, Chuvash State University, Cheboksary, Russia (alevtina-pet@mail.ru; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3486-706X).

Aleksey I. Mineev – Candidate of Historical Sciences, Head of the Interfaculty Basic Laboratory 1C, Chuvash State University; Head of Research and Training Center 1C, Leader Soft Implementation Center LLC, Russia, Cheboksary (minalig@inbox.ru; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5791-6210).

For citations

Mineeva E.K., Zykina A.P., Mineev A.I. FEATURES OF THE STATE NATIONAL POLICY AND INTERETHNIC INTERACTION IN THE REGIONS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION (based on the materials of Bashkortostan, Tatarstan and Chuvashia). PART 2. Historical Search, 2023, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 27–37. DOI: 10.47026/2712-9454-2023-4-4-27-37 (in Russian).

Download the full article