THE SYSTEM OF TRAINING HIGHER PEDAGOGICAL STAFF AT THE TURN OF THE XIX–XX CENTURIES

DOI: 10.47026/1810-1909-2021-4-44-50

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Olga V. ZAKHARCHENKO

Key words

Russia at the turn of the XIX–XX centuries, history of Russian education, Moscow University, privat-docent, professor

Abstract

Preparation of undergraduates and privat-docents for professorship in the late XIX – early XX century is considered on the example of Moscow University through the prism of the biography of a historian and a jurist Sergei Andreevich Kotlyarevsky. The uniqueness of his example lies in the fact that he defended four dissertations: master’s and doctoral dissertations on foreign history and master’s and doctoral dissertations on public law. This demonstrates some individualism of the trajectory showing his professional development and formation as a scientist and a teacher.

The research perspective includes the process of young scientists’ formation from the moment of continuing working at the university’s profile department to prepare a dissertation up to obtaining the degree. Attention is paid to socio-political circumstances and conditions affecting the possibility of becoming a professional scientist and teacher. Both formal and special features of the training scientific and teaching staff inherent in a particular scientific community are noted.

The professional development of future scientists and teachers of higher education was associated with active preparation for the defense of the master’s exam, the first teaching experience, scientific and research work. The best graduates were left at the departments with the support of leading university professors who saw new forces and future professionals in them. However, the personal contribution of the applicants themselves was important, since they were required to reveal their intellectual potential, pedagogical and research skills. At this, an important aspect was the opportunity to go on foreign business trips, in which not only the material of scientific research was collected, but knowledge was enriched as well, including getting to know the peculiarities of teaching in European countries and their socio-political life. The preparation process was completed with the public defense of the master’s dissertation and awarding a master’s degree. At the same time, the path to the teaching environment began, which required further disclosure of scientific potential and the defense of a doctoral dissertation in order to obtain a professorship.

References

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Information about the author

Olga V. Zakharchenko – Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Public Law, Chuvash State University, Russia, Cheboksary (zaharchenko_ov21@mail.ru; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4140-1153).

For citations

Zakharchenko O.V. THE SYSTEM OF TRAINING HIGHER PEDAGOGICAL STAFF AT THE TURN OF THE XIX–XX CENTURIES. Vestnik Chuvashskogo universiteta, 2021, no. 4, pp. 44–50. DOI: 10.47026/1810-1909-2021-4-44-50 (in Russian).

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