MIGRATION PROCESSES IN THE CHUVASH REPUBLIC: TRENDS, PROBLEMS

DOI: 10.47026/1810-1909-2023-3-182-192

УДК 94(470.344)“20”:325

ББК 60.74(2Рос. Чув)

Valentina G. KHARITONOVA

Key words

migration situation, attitude towards migrants, causes and motives of migration behavior, the Chuvash Republic, main trends

Abstract

Migration processes in Russia and its regions at the present stage are an urgent object of study by specialists in the humanities due to their scale and consequences associated with the demographic development of the country. Regional historiography also focused on the aspects of migration situation related to population decline. The scientific novelty of the study consists in a comprehensive historical analysis of the migration situation in the Chuvash Republic in 2001–2020, which makes it possible to identify the features and conditional periods of migration in the region.

The purpose of the research is to study the processes, scales and models of migration behavior of Chuvashia’s population, taking into account socio–demographic parameters, to identify trends and problems. Migration of the population is considered in connection with the processes of ethno-cultural development and the state of interethnic relations. Attention is paid to the study of the population’s attitude to migration and migrants.

Materials and methods. The main sources of the study were statistical and archival data, official documents, the results of sociological surveys, media materials. The dynamics of the population’s attitude to migration processes is based on the results of sociological surveys of the Republic’s population, which have a monitoring nature. Migration of the population was assessed using statistical data analysis, the method of mass questioning was used in sociological surveys. Migration processes are characterized taking into account historical-comparative and problem methods.

Study results. A number of factors affecting migration processes and changing migration behavior of the population have been identified in the region. The main ones remain socio-economic factors, changes in the ethno-cultural image of society. Social aspects are relevant and come to the forefront in the issues of integration of migrants and their interaction in the host community. The migration situation in the republic is quite complicated: a migration decline in the population is observed. Intensive temporary migrations of the Republic’s population result in pronounced social consequences in the context of the socio-demographic development of the Republic and its society. Young people show the most active readiness for migration. Among the trends in interethnic relations that cause certain wariness, a restrained attitude towards migrants should be noted, which manifests itself over a long period of time.

Conclusions. Migration processes of the Republic’s population have both positive and negative consequences. Most residents of Chuvashia perceive migrants as potentially dangerous, firstly, from the point of view of increased competition in the labor market, and secondly, as people with their own traditions and customs who do not really respect local ethno-cultural characteristics. The issues of migration loss of the population, the tendency of a significant outflow of the working population from the Republic remain relevant. But in general, the population of Chuvashia is quite friendly to various contacts with representatives of other ethnic groups, Chuvashia is a region with stable and favorable interethnic relations.

References

1. Mukomel’ V.I., Grigor’eva K.S., G.A. Monusova G.A. et al. Adaptatsiya i integratsiya migrantov v Rossii: vyzovy, realii, indikatory [Adaptation and Integration of Migrants in Russia: Challenges, Realities, Indicators]. Moscow, 2022, 400 p. DOI: 10.19181/sbornik.978-5-89697-362-1.2021.
2. Ustinkin S.V., Trufanov A.Yu., eds. Analiz migratsionnykh protsessov i ikh sotsial’naya sostavlyayushchaya v sub”ektakh Rossiiskoi Federatsii: sb. St. [Analysis of Migration Processes and their Social Component in the Subjects of the Russian Federation: Collection of Articles]. Moscow, Nizhnij Novgorod, Rostov-on-Don, 2021, 68 p.
3. Bojko I.I., Dolgova A.P., Haritonova V.G. Mezhetnicheskaya i mezhkonfessional’naya situatsiya v Chuvashskoi Respublike [Interethnic and Interfaith Situation in the Chuvash Republic]. Vestnik NII gumanitarnykh nauk pri Pravitel’stve Respubliki Mordoviya, 2017, no. 3 (43), pp. 107–121.
4. Ryazantsev S.V., Arkhangel’skii V.N., Vorob’eva O.D. et al. Demograficheskoe razvitie Rossii: tendentsii, prognozy, mery. Natsional’nyi demograficheskii doklad – 2020 [Demographic Development of Russia: Trends, Forecasts, Measures. National Demographic Report 2020]. Moscow, 2020, 156 p. DOI: 10.25629/HC.2020.13.01.
5. Rostovskaya T.K., Shabunova A.A. et al. Demograficheskoe samochuvstvie regionov Rossii. Natsional’nyi demograficheskii doklad-2021 [Demographic Wellbeing of Russian Regions. National Demographic Report-2021]. Moscow, 2021, 126 p. DOI: 10.19181/monogr.978-5-89697-369-0.2021.
6. Ivanov V.P. Problemy sotsiokul’turnoi adaptatsii migrantov v polietnicheskom prostranstve Chuvashskoi Respubliki [Problems of Socio-Cultural Adaptation of Migrants in the Multiethnic Space of the Chuvash Republic]. Ocherki istorii i etnografii Chuvashii: izbrannye trudy (2012–2022 [Essays on the History and Ethnography of Chuvashia: Selected Works (2012–2022)]. Cheboksary, Chuvash State Institute for the Humanities Publ., 2022, pp. 222–245.
7. Il’in I.E. Migratsionnye protsessy v sel’skoi mestnosti regiona (1990–2000-e gg.) [Migration Processes in Rural Areas of the Region (1990–2000s)]. Chuvashskii gumanitarnyi vestnik, 2019, no. 14, pp. 143–161.
8. Il’in I.E. Prichiny, napravleniya i dinamika migratsii naseleniya Chuvashskoi Respubliki [The Causes, Directions and Dynamics of the Migration of the Population of the Chuvash Republic]. Regional’noe izmerenie agrarnoi modernizatsii v Rossii: materialy VIII Vseros. (XVI region.) s mezhdun. uchastiem konf. istorikov-agrarnikov Srednego Povolzh’ya [Proc. of Sci. Conf. «Regional Dimension of Agrarian Modernization in Russia»]. Saransk, 2020, pp. 521–531.
9. Kontseptsiya gosudarstvennoi migratsionnoi politiki Rossiiskoi Federatsii na 2019-2025 gody [The Concept of the State Migration Policy of the Russian Federation for 2019–2025]. Available at: http://government.ru/docs/all/119037/ (Accessed Date 2022, Nov. 7).
10. Litvinova A. 13,8% rabotnikov Chuvashii trudyatsya za ee predelami. Rosstat nazval regiony’-donory’ rabochej sily’ (15 iyulya 2020 g.) [13.8% of Workers in Chuvashia Work Abroad. Rosstat Named the Regions that Donate Labor (2020, July 15)]. Available at: https://www.pravdapfo.ru/news/97902-138-rabotnikov-chuvashii-trudyatsya-za?utm_referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fzen.yandex.com/ (Accessed Date 2023, Feb. 2).
11. Litvinova A. Na zarabotki v Chuvashiyu v 2022 godu priby’li 8 ty’syach inostrancev. Rosstat nazval regiony’-donory’ rabochej sily’ (21 fevralya 2023 g.) [8 Thousand Foreigners Arrived to Work in Chuvashia in 2022. Rosstat Named Labor Donor Regions (2023, Feb. 21)]. Available at: https://pravdapfo.ru/news/na-zarabotki-v-chuvashiyu-v-2022-godu-pribyli-8-tysyach-inostranczev/ (Accessed Date 2023, Feb. 22).
12. Mastikova N.S. Dinamika otnosheniya k migratsii v Rossii (po dannym Evropeiskogo sotsial’nogo issledovaniya za 2006–2016 gg [The Dynamics of Attitude to Migration in Russia (According to European Socially Research for 2006–2016)]. Sotsiologicheskaya nauka i sotsial’naya praktika 2019, no. 2 (26), pp. 99–116. DOI: 10.19181/snsp.2019.7.2.6412.
13. Mastikova N.S. Izmeneniya, privnosimye migrantami, i ikh otsenka rossiyanami (po dannym Evropeiskogo sotsial’nogo issledovaniya) [Changes Introduced by Migrants and their Assessment by Russians (According to European Social Research]. Obshchestvennye nauki i sovremennost’, 2019, no. 2, pp.160–169. DOI: 10.31857/S086904990004341-7.
14. Migratsiya naseleniya v Rossii: tendentsii, problemy, puti resheniya [Migration of the Population in Russia: Trends, Problems, Solutions]. Sotsial’nyi byulleten’ [Social Bulletin], 2018, May, 54 p.
15. Migratsiya naseleniya Chuvashskoi Respubliki [Migration of the Population of the Chuvash Republic]. Cheboksary, 2015, 170 p.
16. Migratsiya naseleniya Chuvashskoi Respubliki [Migration of the Population of the Chuvash Republic]. Cheboksary, 2022, 118 p.
17. Migratsiya naseleniya Chuvashskoi Respubliki v 2006 godu: stat. sbornik [Migration of the Population of the Chuvash Republic in 2006: Stat. Collection]. Cheboksary, 2007, 183 p.
18. Nauchnyi arkhiv Chuvashskogo gosudarstvennogo instituta gumanitarnykh nauk. Otdel X [Scientific Archive of the Chuvash State Institute for the Department X].
19. Natsional’nyi sostav i vladenie yazykami [National Composition and Language Proficiency]. Itogi Vserossiiskoi perepisi naseleniya 2020 goda. 5 [Results of the All – Russian Population Census 2020. Vol. 5]. Available at: https://rosstat.gov.ru/folder/56580. (Accessed Date 2023, Jan. 11).
20. Natsional’nyi sostav i vladeniya yazykami, grazhdanstvo: broshyura po itogam Vserossiiskoi perepisi naseleniya 2010 goda [Nationality and Language Proficiency, Citizenship. Brochure on the Results of the All-Russian Population Census of 2010]. Available at: https://21.rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/Национальный+состав.docx (Accessed Date 2016, May 12).
21. Obshchie itogi migratsii naseleniya [General Results of Population Migration]. Available at: https://21.rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/ОБЩИЕ%20ИТОГИ%20МИГРАЦИИ%20НАСЕЛЕНИЯ.pdf (Accessed Date 2022, Dec. 1).
22. Orlova O.V, Il’in I.E. Migratsiya naseleniya v povolzhskikh respublikakh: obshchee i osobennoe [Migration of the Population in the Volga Republics: General and Special]. In: Chuvashi i mariitsy – sosedi po «obshchemu domu»: materialy Mezhregion. nauch.-prakt. konf. [Proc. of Sci. Conf. «Chuvash and Mari – Neighbors in the “Common House”»]. Cheboksary, Chuvash State Institute for the Humanities Publ. 2019, pp. 186–204.
23. Pupyshev I.V, Sanukov K.N, Mineeva E.K. Migratsionnye protsessy i demograficheskaya situatsiya v Chuvashskoi Respublike v kontse 1990-kh – nachale 2000-kh godov [Migration Processes and Demographic Situation in the Chuvash Republic in the late 1990s – early 2000s]. Vestnik Chuvashskogo universiteta, 2018, no. 4, pp. 114–120.
24. Regiony Rossii. Sotsial’no-ekonomicheskie pokazateli. 2021: st. sb. [Regions of Russia. Socio-economic Indicators.2021: St. Collection]. Moscow, 2021, 1112 p.
25. Rybakovskij O.L. Zakonomernosti i osobennosti mezhregional’nykh migratsionnykh svyazei naseleniya Rossii za 50 let [Patterns and Features of Interregional Migration Relations of the Russian Population over 50 Years]. Moscow, 2022, 471 p.
26. Boiko I.I. et al. Sotsiokul’turnye faktory modernizatsii Chuvashii: itogi trekh voln issledovaniya [Socio-cultural Factors of Modernization of Chuvashia: Results of Three Waves of Research]. Cheboksary, Chuvash State Institute for the Humanities Publ., 2018, 280 p.
27. Trifonova Z.A. Migratsionnaya situatsiya v Chuvashskoi Respublike [Migration Situation in the Chuvash Republic]. In: Migratsionnaya situatsiya i migratsionnaya politika v sovremennom mire: materialy mezhdunarodnoi shkoly-seminara: Migratsiya: teoriya, metody i praktika regulirovaniya migratsionnykh protsessov [Migration Situation and Migration Policy in the Modern World: Materials of the International School-Seminar: Migration: Theory, Methods and Practice of Regulating Migration Processes]. Smolensk, Universum Publ., 2003, pp. 211–219.
28. Etnokul’turnoe razvitie i mezhetnicheskie otnosheniya v Chuvashskoj Respublike: nauchnyi otchet po materialam sotsiologicheskogo obsledovaniya 2011 g. [Ethnocultural Development and Interethnic Relations in the Chuvash Republic: Scientific Report on the Materials of Sociol. Surveys of 2011]. Cheboksary, Chuvash State Institute for the Humanities Publ., 2012, 88 p.

Information about the author

Valentina G. Kharitonova – Candidate of Historical Sciences, Leading Researcher, Chuvash State Institute of Humanities, Russia, Cheboksary (val1957@rambler.ru; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7930-9072).

For citations

Kharitonova V.G. MIGRATION PROCESSES IN THE CHUVASH REPUBLIC: TRENDS, PROBLEMS. Vestnik Chuvashskogo universiteta, 2023, no. 3, pp. 182–192. DOI: 10.47026/1810-1909-2023-3-182-192 (in Russian).

Download the full article