PATRONS IN THE EDUCATION SYSTEM: THE CONTRIBUTION OF THE TALANTSEV BROTHERS TO ITS DEVELOPMENT

DOI: 10.47026/1810-1909-2023-3-94-103

УДК 37.0(470.344)

ББК 74.03(2Рос.Чув)

Elizaveta M. MIKHAILOVA

Key words

education, charitable activity, the Talantsev brothers, patrons, the beginning of the XX century, the Chuvash Region

Abstract

The article analyzes the contribution of famous entrepreneurs of the Chuvash region, the Talantsev brothers – Nikolai Mikhailovich, Mikhail Mikhailovich and Zinovy Mikhailovich – to the development of the education system in the late XIX – early XX century.

In pre-revolutionary Russia at the beginning of the XX century, charitable activities are expanding in the business environment. A considerable part of the country’s educated business elite considered it inhumane and undignified to do business only for the sake of making a profit and tried to direct part of their funds to charity. Alms-houses, shelters for the elderly and children, hospitals and night shelters were opened at their expense. Sponsorship of educational institutions of various levels occupied a significant place in the patronage of such entrepreneurs. Such entrepreneurs included well-known merchants and production workers, the Talantsev brothers. Studying the experience of their charitable activities in the education system makes it possible to assess the contribution of the Talantsev brothers to the development of education in the region, to understand the spirit of entrepreneurs of pre-revolutionary Russia.

The main purpose of the research is to study the contribution of the Talantsev brothers, well-known entrepreneurs and patrons in the Volga region, to the development of education in the Chuvash Region and beyond.

Materials and methods. The main methods for the analysis were historical-genetic, problem-chronological and retrospective methods, which made it possible, based on the methodological principles of historicism, consistency and objectivity, to analyze source materials – archival documents and special scientific literature on the subject, to comprehensively consider the problems posed.

Study results. Based on a systematic analysis of source materials, the article discusses the first steps in the charitable activities of Yadrin entrepreneurs, known far beyond the Chuvash Region – the Talantsev brothers – Nikolai Mikhailovich, Mikhail Mikhailovich, Zinovy Mikhailovich – at the end of the late XIX – early XX century XIX century. The contribution of the Talantsev brothers to the development of primary and primary vocational education at the beginning of the late XIX – early XX century XX century is studied. Their role in opening a non-classical secondary school and a girls’ gymnasium in Yadrin aimed at forming needful vocational and gymnasium education in the region is analyzed. The main forms and directions of sponsor support in the field of education by patrons of the Talantsevs were studied. The role of the youngest of the brothers, Z.M. Talantsev, in opening Nizhny Novgorod People’s University, in the evolvement of its chemical faculty is considered.

Conclusion. The conclusion is made about a worthy contribution of well-known large entrepreneurs in the Volga region, patrons the Talantsev brothers to the development of primary school, vocational, gymnasium and higher education.

References

1. Brat’ya Talantsevy v istorii Chuvashii [The Talantsev brothers in the history of Chuvashia]. Vesti elektronnoi biblioteki Natsional’noi biblioteki Chuvashskoi Respubliki [News of the electronic library of the National Library of the Chuvash Republic], 2018, Issue 6. Available at: http://www.nbchr.ru/pdf/vesti_eb_06_18.pdf (Accessed Date: 2023, 15 June).
2. Golubin R.V. Deyatel’nost’ regional’nykh voyenno-promyshlennykh komitetov Rossii v gody Pervoy mirovoy voyny [Activities of the regional military-industrial committees of Russia during the First World War]. Vestnik Nizhegorodskogo universiteta im. N.I. Lobachevskogo. Ser. Mezhdunarodnyye otnoshe-niya, politologiya, regionovedeniye, 2003, no. 1. pp. 38–48.
3. Gosudarstvennyy istoricheskiy arkhiv Chuvashskoy Respubliki. Fond Opis’1. Dokument 4 [Gosudarstvennyy istoricheskiy arkhiv Chuvashskoy Respubliki. Archives 221. Anagraph 1. Document 4].
4. Gosudarstvennyy istoricheskiy arkhiv Chuvashskoy Respubliki. Fond 221. Opis’1. Dokument 10 [Gosudarstvennyy istoricheskiy arkhiv Chuvashskoy Respubliki. Archives 221. Anagraph 1. Document 10].
5. Gosudarstvennyy istoricheskiy arkhiv Chuvashskoy Respubliki. Fond 221. Opis’1. Dokument 22 [Gosudarstvennyy istoricheskiy arkhiv Chuvashskoy Respubliki. Archives 221. Anagraph 1. Document 22].
6. Gosudarstvennyy istoricheskiy arkhiv Chuvashskoy Respubliki. Fond 221. Opis’1. Dokument 31 [Gosudarstvennyy istoricheskiy arkhiv Chuvashskoy Respubliki. Archives 221. Anagraph 1. Document 31].
7. Gusarov Yu.V. Talantsevy[Talantsevs] Chuvashskaya entsiklopediya: v 4 t. [Chuvash Encyclopedia. 4 vols]. Cheboksary: Chuvash Publ., 2011, vol. 4, pp. 178–179.
8. Demidova I.I. Vklad predprinimateley Chuvashii v razvitiye zhenskogo gimnazicheskogo obrazovaniya (konets XIX – nachalo XX vv.) [The contribution of entrepreneurs of Chuvashia to the development of women’s gymnasium education (the end of the 19^th – the beginning of the 20^th centuries)]. In: Predprinimatel’stvo Povolzh’ya: istoki traditsii, problemy i tendentsii razvitiya: materialy nauch. konf. (Cheboksary, 23–24 iyunya 1997 g.). [Proc. of Sci. Conf. «Entrepreneurship of the Volga region]. Cheboksary, 1998, pp. 212–219.
9. Dolgova N.A. Negasnushchaya svecha. Kniga pamyati yadrintsev, po-stradavshikh ot politicheskikh repressiy [A burning candle. A book of memory of the Yadrintsy who suffered from political repressions]. Cheboksary, 2015, 127 p.
10. Efimov A.L. Stanovleniye i razvitiye zhenskogo obrazovaniya v Chuvashii vo vtoroy polovine XIX – nachale XX veka: avtoref. dis. … kand. ist. Nauk [Formation and development of women’s education in Chuvashia in the second half of the 19^th – early 20^th Abstract of Cand. Diss.]. Saransk, 2012, 23 p.
11. Iz istorii: E.A. Vesterman – pervyy direktor Yadrinskogo real’nogo uchilishcha (k 150-letiyu so dnya rozhdeniya [From history: E.A. Vesterman – the first director of the Yadrinsky real school (on the occasion of the 150^th anniversary of his birth)]. Available at: http://www.yadrin.cap.ru/press-centr/2014/04/14/iz-istorii-eavesterman-pervij-direktor-yadrins (Accessed Date: 2023, Jan. 6).
12. Izorkin A.V. Yadrinskiy spirtovoy zavod: Istoricheskiy ocherk [Yadrinsky distillery: Historical essay]. Cheboksary, Chuvash Publ. House, 1999, 190 p.
13. Izorkin A.V. Istoricheskiy ocherk [Yadrin. Historical essay]. Cheboksary, Chuvash Publ. House, 1989, 191 p.
14. Izorkin A.V. Istoricheskiy ocherk. 2-ye izd., dop. i pererab. [Historical essay. 2^nd ed.]. Cheboksary, Kalem Punl., 2003, 231 p.
15. Ilyina M.V. Yadrinskiy metsenat, uchenyy i predprinimatel’ – Zinoviy Mikhaylovich Talantsev) [Yadrinsky philanthropist, scientist and entrepreneur – Zinoviy Mikhailovich Talantsev)]. Available at: https://yadrin.cap.ru/press-centr/2023/06/28/yadrinskij-mecenat-uchenij-i-predprinimatelj-zinov (Accessed Date: 2023, June 28).
16. Ilyina M. Metsenat, uchenyy, predprinimatel’ [Patron, scientist, entrepreneur]. Znamya truda, 2018, June 30.
17. Il’ina M. Torgovyy dom «Brat’ya Talantsevy» [Trading House “Brothers Talantsev”]. Znamya truda, 2020, Sept. 30.
18. Kalinin A., Vedernikova L. Initsiator Nizhegorodskogo Gorodskogo Narodnogo Universiteta Zinoviy Mikhaylovich Talantsev (1888–1929) [Initiator of the Nizhny Novgorod City People’s University Zinoviy Mikhailovich Talantsev (1888–1929)]. Nizhegorodskiy universitet (gazeta), 2005, no. 9(2034), Oct.
19. Muravyov V.V., comp., DolgovA.Kratkaya Yadrinskaya entsiklopediya. Chuvashskaya respublika [Brief Yadrinskaya encyclopedia. Chuvash Republic]. Cheboksary, Chuvash Publ. House, 2006, 302 p.
20. Metsenat i blagotvoritel’ M.M. Talantsev [Patron and philanthropist M.M. Talantsev]. Available at: http://www.archives21.ru/default.aspx?page=./4220/4227/5006/5007/5394 (Accessed Date: 2021, March 20).
21. Tvorivshiye s veroy v Rossiyu [Those who worked with faith in Russia]. Available at: https://nsportal.ru/sites/de-fault/files/2018/09/11/bratya_talantsevy.pdf (Accessed Date: 2023, June 20).
22. Tsentral’nyy arkhiv Nizhe-gorodskoy oblasti. Fond 30. Opis’ 35b. Dokument 1272 [Central Archive of the Nizhny Novgorod Region. Archives Anagraph 35b. Document 1272].
23. Tsentral’nyy arkhiv Nizhe-gorodskoy oblasti. Fond 431. Opis’ 296. Dokument 427 [Central Archive of the Nizhny Novgorod Region. Archives 431. Anagraph 296. Document 427].
24. Tsentral’nyy arkhiv Nizhe-gorodskoy oblasti. Fond 432. Opis’ 297. Dokument 18 [Central Archive of the Nizhny Novgorod Region. Archives 432. Anagraph 297. Document 18].
25. Epizod 1. Narodnyy Universitet – pervyy v Nizhnem Novgo-rode. 1916 god [Episode 1. People’s University – the first in Nizhny Novgorod. 1916]. Nizhegorodskiy muzey [Nizhny Novgorod Museum], 2016, Jan, pp. 8–15.

Information about the author

Elizaveta M. Mikhailova – Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department of Social and Humanitarian Disciplines, Cheboksary Cooperative Institute (Branch) of the Russian University of Cooperation, Russia, Cheboksary (lizamem@yandex.ru; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6035-9571).

For citations

Mikhailova E.M. PATRONS IN THE EDUCATION SYSTEM: THE CONTRIBUTION OF THE TALANTSEV BROTHERS TO ITS DEVELOPMENT. Vestnik Chuvashskogo universiteta, 2023, no. 3, pp. 94–103. DOI: 10.47026/1810-1909-2023-3-94-103 (in Russian).

Download the full article